Also, it produced and released new substances unlike any that had existed in the natural world. The right dose differentiates a poison and a remedy." The Chemical (Industrial) Revolution of the mid-19th century released many naturally occurring chemicals into the environment in unprecedented amounts. Noteworthy in this regard were the studies of Paracelsus, a physician from the sixteenth century and one of the early "Fathers of Toxicology", who is often quoted for his statement: "All substances are poisons there is none which is not a poison. By the time of the Renaissance and the Age of Enlightenment, certain concepts fundamental to toxicology began to take shape. Notable poisoning victims include Socrates, Cleopatra and Claudius.
By 1500 BC, written recordings indicated that hemlock, opium, arrow poisons, and certain metals were used to poison enemies or for state executions. The historical development of toxicology began with early cave dwellers who recognized poisonous plants and animals and used their extracts for hunting or in warfare. Knowledge of how toxic agents damage the body has progressed along with medical knowledge. These adverse effects may occur in many forms, ranging from immediate death to subtle changes not realized until months or years later.
The traditional definition of toxicology is "the science of poisons." A more descriptive definition is "the study of the adverse effects of chemicals, biological or physical agents on living organisms". It also has been proved through these experiments that celadons don't protect from poisoning as antecedents thought. When these chemicals were tested with celadon, it has been observed that no color change has occurred. Poisoning is remarkable as it can happen to anyone no matter what class they belong to and this concern was used to earn more money by merchants who took roads between East and West.Ĭhemical compounds which were used in daily life such as make-up materials were also used as weapons for poisoning in the Ottoman period. It has been understood that the celadon, main subject of this study, is resembled to jade stone which was the most precious stone in early times of Far East and believed to protect from poison. Accessible chemicals especially used in Ottoman Empire were selected and tested for the verification of toxicity with celadons.
For this purpose, some similar superstitions and poisons in the world were studied. Thus, its use in the Ottoman Empire which contributed to the establishment of significant collection of celadon in the world was taken as the basis of this study. This study aims to investigate whether there is a scientific reality within the popular belief of celadon demonstrating the poison.
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